Diké - Revista Jurídica

Editorial

Clodoaldo Silva da Anunciação — 2025-12-30

A Revista Jurídica Diké, vinculada ao Curso de Direito da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC (eISSN 2595-1742), apresenta o número 29, do volume 24 (2025.2), com o título: Temas contemporâneos em direitos fundamentais: democracia, acesso à justiça e proteção de grupos vulnerabilizados.

Em um cenário global e nacional marcado por tensões políticas, recrudescimento de discursos de ódio, desigualdades profundas, racismo estrutural, e desafios institucionais à efetividade dos direitos humanos, as reflexões jurídicas sobre a democracia, a inclusão, a igualdade e a cultura da paz assumem papel central. A democracia, mais do que um modelo formal de organização do poder, revela-se como prática cotidiana de reconhecimento da dignidade humana, de respeito à diversidade e de fortalecimento das instituições comprometidas com a justiça social.

Convenção interamericana contra o racismo: uma análise sobre seu impacto na ordem constitucional e no sistema de justiça e segurança pública brasileiros

Maria do Carmo Rebouças — 2025-12-28

The most recent Brazilian constitutional movement, materialized in the 1988 Constitution—framed within Fajardo’s (2011) pluralist constitutional horizon as multicultural—criminalized racism and introduced guarantees that were later translated into policies to promote racial equality. However, despite these measures, deep racial inequalities persist in Brazil, with the Black population still facing significant structural barriers. The incorporation of the Inter-American Convention Against Racism into the Brazilian constitutional framework—through the constitutional amendment process—in 2022 represents a new opportunity to strengthen the fight against racism in the country.
This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the standard of guarantees established by the Convention has the potential to update and enhance Brazilian law by integrating internationally recognized norms for combating racism. It also aims to understand how to overcome the limitations posed by the contested interpretations and uses of the Convention within the context of institutionalized racism in the Brazilian justice system.
To this end, this paper adopts a qualitative methodological approach, using documentary analysis of the Inter-American Convention Against Racism in comparison with the Brazilian legal microsystem for racial equality. The objective is to address these research questions by highlighting and problematizing both progress and stagnation in the promotion of racial equality within the Brazilian constitutional order.

Compatibilidade da devolução de valores nos próprios autos com os princípios do contraditório e devido processo legal no âmbito trabalhista

Luiz Pereira de Castro Filho — 2025-12-28

This study seeks to analyze the compatibility of refunding overpaid amounts in labor enforcement proceedings with the constitutional principles of adversarial proceedings, full defense, and due process, comparing Topic 74 of the Superior Labor Court (TST), which prohibits this practice and requires independent action. The research questions whether this prohibition compromises procedural economy and the reasonable duration of the proceedings, proposing that refunding amounts in the proceedings, with a guaranteed defense, is more effective and aligned with the instrumentality of the process. The study uses Topic 692 of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), which allows the refund of social security benefits in the proceedings themselves, as an analogy for the labor sphere, provided the adversarial system is preserved. The analysis highlights that the TST's prohibition can generate multiple lawsuits, hindering judicial efficiency. It is concluded that the return of the case is compatible with constitutional principles, provided that the participation of the parties is ensured, contributing to a more rational and equitable labor justice system, without compromising fundamental procedural guarantees.

Municipal funds for children's and adolescents' rights: the importance of promoting citizen participation.

George Andrade Nascimento — 2025-12-28

The implementation of children's and adolescents' rights, as enshrined in Article 227 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, is often hampered by insufficient budgetary resources for structural public policies at the municipal level. This article examines how the Municipal Funds for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (FMDCA) offer a strategic alternative to this challenge. Through a literature and documentary review, we analyze the mechanism created by Law 12,594/2012, which allows taxpayers to allocate part of their federal income tax to the FMDCA when filing their tax returns. We argue that this policy framework transcends mere revenue generation, assuming a dual role: empowering citizens as key funders of local initiatives and encouraging municipal administrations to establish administrative structures that facilitate the receipt of resources. Our findings highlight the need for proactive municipal engagement in the creation of Funds and the development of social capital to optimize tax contributions. We conclude that FMDCAs are emerging as catalysts for local governance, combining citizen participation with the efforts of public entities to close the gap between the constitutional guarantee of rights and their effective implementation, despite the continued underutilization of this fiscal incentive mechanism.

Assédio moral e transfóbico: configurações e efeitos nas relações de trabalho no Brasil contemporâneo.

Saula Rebeca Dantas da Veiga Angeline da Silva — 2025-12-28

This study examines the manifestation of transphobic moral harassment in Brazilian workplaces and its effects on the mental health, performance, and professional trajectory of trans and transvestite individuals. The research combines documentary analysis, including legislation, conventions, and compliance guidelines, with a quantitative approach based on microdata from the Continuous PNAD (from 2021 to 2024), in addition to semi-structured interviews conducted with trans workers, human resources managers, and union representatives. In light of Convention 190 of the International Labor Organization (implemented in 2024) and recent government guidelines for combating harassment, the work articulates a mapping of the “configurations” — comprising forms, actors, and contexts in which violence manifests itself — as well as the “effects” — in the psychosocial, economic, and organizational dimensions. In addition, it presents recommendations aimed at prevention, monitoring, and remediation strategies.

A natureza jurídica da cid-11 qd85 (síndrome do esgotamento – burnout) e seus efeitos

Ricardo Maurício Freire Soares — 2025-12-29

A CID da OMS, passou pela 11ª revisão que, em 1º de janeiro de 2022, entrou em vigor globalmente para os Estados-Partes que a integram, coordenando questões de saúde mundialmente. O Brasil, integrante da OMS, adotou a CID-11, atualmente em estado de implementação interna. Instrumento indispensável de atuação adequada para profissionais de saúde, essencial para políticas públicas sanitárias, emerge a questão da sua normatividade. Qual é a sua natureza jurídica e quais são os efeitos disso, global e internamente? O texto desvelou a natureza jurídica da CID-11, considerando-se sua origem na Constituição da OMS e o regime jurídico constitucional brasileiro de incorporação de documentos internacionais. Ainda, quais são os efeitos jurídicos imediatos disso para o Brasil, notadamente no que atine à Síndrome do Esgotamento, Burnout, CID-11 QD85, haja vista que a compreensão da sua etiologia mudou significativamente. O método científico adotado foi o da revisão narrativa e crítica da literatura científica e dos documentos normativos internacionais e nacionais sobre o tema. A CID-11 é um Regulamento de Nomenclaturas equivalente a um tratado internacional de direitos humanos, observados os artigos 18 e 27 da Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados. No Brasil, deve ser observada, no mínimo, como norma jurídica supralegal. Trata-se de uma exegese que, desvinculada de uma lógica hierarquizante das normas jurídicas e equalizadora da soberania nacional e da cooperação internacional, pautada no diálogo harmônico entre fontes externa e interna de direitos humanos fundamentais, prestigia sua proteção possível, isto é, sua máxima efetividade. Assim, etiologicamente o Burnout é ocupacional.

A Self-Responsibility and the Normative Understanding of Victim Behavior in the Theory of Crime

Lucas Gabriel Santos Costa — 2025-12-29

This study addresses autonomy and criminal law. The focus of the research is the assessment of the victim’s conduct within criminal-law dogmatics. The article aims to critically present the normative institutes that take into account the conduct of the injured party during the course of danger as content capable of guiding the retreat of criminal-law protection. The objective is to analyze the dogmatic placement of the victim’s behavior within the theory of crime, specifically through criminal-law dogmatics at the level of unlawfulness. The study is justified by its contemporary relevance, as well as by the need to construct legal knowledge that is both politically and criminal-policy appropriate and dogmatically aligned with situations in which the rights-holder voluntarily exposes the protected legal interest to risk. The article adopts the deductive method and relies on explanatory and exploratory research strategies to identify the normative instruments that influence the criminal-law system as a means of evaluating the victim’s conduct within the theory of crime.

Abusive Litigation and the Necessary Formation of a Multisectoral Working Group: The Role of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Defending Society and Preserving Access to Justice

André Sigiliano Paradela — 2025-12-29

This article analyzes abusive litigation practiced by habitual litigants, especially related to massive non-compliance with rights and deliberate underestimation of structures designed for extrajudicial settlement, in addition to systematic resistance to consensual solutions. This perspective on the phenomenon of abusive litigation is neglected or even silenced in the debate on the subject. These are situations that constitute an abuse of procedural law, creating significant losses to society, both individually and collectively, as well as overburdening the Judiciary through the improper transfer of operating costs that should be borne by the entities generating the conflicts themselves. Adequate confrontation of the phenomenon presupposes the creation of a permanent thematic working group, with the presence of various actors within the justice system, with a view to bringing together different perspectives and producing a robust diagnosis of the phenomenon of abusive litigation, contributing decisively to the formulation of public policies that adequately balance the need to discourage effectively abusive behavior. In this scenario, the Public Prosecutor's Office, endowed with constitutional legitimacy for the defense of the democratic regime, as well as transindividual rights, positions itself as a natural agent to actively contribute to the creation of the working group and propose appropriate instruments to address the issue

Os desafios à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nas carreiras públicas: inserção via cotas e barreiras estruturais

Leilane Serratine Grubba — 2025-12-29

This study examines the policies and practices for the equitable inclusion of people with disabilities (PWD) in the Brazilian public service, particularly in professions accessible through public examinations. The objective is to understand the national scientific literature panorama regarding the inclusion of PWD in the country's public service. Using an integrative literature review method, keyword searches were conducted in Capes Periódicos. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were selected for qualitative content analysis, which were categorized into three thematic axes. The main results indicate that Brazilian legislation has made progress in formally guaranteeing the greater inclusion of people with disabilities (PWD) in public careers, through the reservation of vacancies and their material or concrete implications. This greater inclusion does not automatically result in inclusion, which presupposes equity and belonging of the PWD within the career. Therefore, it requires the elimination of multidimensional and interdependent challenges, especially attitudinal, architectural, institutional, technological, and communicational barriers, in addition to greater anti-ableist training within institutions. Overcoming the challenges to the inclusion of PWD requires a cultural and organizational change, with a collective commitment from the State, public institutions, and society.

Cross-Border Telework and Personal Data Protection

Alfonso Ortega Giménez — 2025-12-29

O teletrabalho transfronteiriço consolidou-se como uma tendência global, impulsionado pela digitalização, pela pandemia da COVID-19 e pela procura de flexibilidade laboral. Embora traga benefícios em termos de produtividade, diversidade e inovação, também coloca desafios jurídicos complexos, especialmente no que diz respeito à proteção de dados pessoais. O Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (RGPD) da UE tem um âmbito extraterritorial que obriga mesmo as empresas não europeias a cumprir os seus requisitos quando tratam dados de residentes na UE. Isto afeta diretamente as organizações com funcionários ou clientes distribuídos globalmente. Para legitimar as transferências internacionais de dados, o RGPD prevê mecanismos como decisões de adequação, cláusulas contratuais-tipo ou normas corporativas vinculativas. No entanto, a aplicação do RGPD pode ser limitada em países que não garantem um nível adequado de proteção, como a China ou a Rússia. Assim, as empresas multinacionais devem implementar programas de conformidade regulamentar sólidos e flexíveis, com auditorias, formação contínua e políticas de segurança claras. O trabalho sublinha a necessidade de uma abordagem colaborativa entre reguladores, empresas e operadores jurídicos para garantir um equilíbrio entre inovação, proteção da privacidade e operacionalidade global.

Justiça multiportas (4.0): características, elementos e pontos de alavancagem do sistema

Anissara Toscan — 2025-12-29

The article analyzes the Brazilian multi-door justice model as a system oriented toward the adequate treatment of legal problems, structured through multiple access doors to justice, solution methods, and inter-institutional connections. Moving beyond a court-centered adjudicatory paradigm, the paper identifies the main features of the system (flexibility, adequacy, and deference), its constitutive elements (doors, methods, and actors), and its leverage points, with particular emphasis on systemic self-organization and openness, atypical procedural agreements concerning legal problem-solving, and mechanisms of integration, coordination, and free circulation of techniques and across doors. Finally, it argues that the Brazilian multi-door justice system currently operates in a 4.0 environment, characterized by digital transformation, interoperability, institutional innovation, and a reconfiguration of the role of the Judiciary within the justice system, which calls for the renewal of the dogmatic repertoire of Procedural Law.

A fundada suspeita nas abordagens policiais: uma abordagem racializada

Misael Neto Bispo da França — 2025-12-30

This paper analyzes the concept of "reasonable suspicion" within the scope of warrantless personal searches (Art. 244 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), understanding it as a mechanism for selectivity and the perpetuation of institutional racism in the Brazilian criminal justice system. From a critical race perspective, the study reflects on how the vagueness of a procedural rule legitimizes discriminatory practices. The central objective, therefore, is to demonstrate that the subjectivity inherent in this concept cannot be interpreted as neutral, but rather as a vector for making racialized bodies vulnerable. The methodology is qualitative, based on a literature review and, complementarily, on a case law analysis, focusing on recent shifts in the understanding of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) on the topic. The investigation begins with the historical construction of the "suspect individual" in a post-abolition context, marked not only by the absence of inclusion policies for the freed Black population but also by the creation of stereotypes that are reflected, in practice, in how law enforcement agencies and the judiciary perceive Black and peripheral youth. Subsequently, it analyzes the personal search and its authorizing requirements, as well as its instrumentalization by the essentially selective "war on drugs" policy. It concludes by highlighting the fundamental and ambivalent role of the Judiciary, which oscillates between curbing abuses through rights-protective rulings and validating discriminatory practices, thus evidencing the permanent tension between the law, police practice, and fundamental rights.

Personal Search and Founded Suspicion: The Limits of Preventive Police Action

Lucas Gabriel Santos Costa — 2025-12-30

Based on Article 244 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure and decisions of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), the study broadens the horizon of expectations for understanding police conduct mediated by a concrete and well-founded suspicion. In this sense, the research identifies inconsistencies—at the level of legal rationality—within normative instruments and, consequently, in the training of the Military Police. The article adopts the deductive method and employs explanatory and exploratory research levels to propose improvements in guidelines and legal training, seeking to reconcile public security with the protection of fundamental rights.