Diké - Revista Jurídica

Editorial

Clodoaldo Silva da Anunciação — 2025-06-30

Ética na administração pública

Geovânia Silva de Sousa — 2025-06-30

In recent years, an increase in the debate on ethical issues has been observed, both in personal relationships and in public administration. Thus, the population's interest in cases such as improbity, immorality, misappropriation of resources or mismanagement is remarkable These approaches are justified by exposing the importance of the ethical conduct of every Brazilian citizen, especially in public administration. Thus, the following question was asked: What is the importance of ethics and integrity in Public Management? The general objective of the article was to investigate ethical and integrity issues in public management, with a specific focus on conflicts of interest and transparency. And the specific objectives were: to identify and analyze the main types of conflicts of interest that arise in public administration, including financial, personal and political conflicts of interest; Investigate the transparency strategies and policies adopted to mitigate conflicts of interest that arise in public administration, including financial, personal and political conflicts of interest; Investigate the transparency strategies and policies adopted to mitigate conflicts of interest in public administration. This article was characterized by a qualitative literature review. Data collection was done through sources/data indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases, with works published in the last 10 years, corresponding to the period between 2014 and 2024. Through the study it was possible to emphasize the importance of ethics in the public sector, so that the professional comes to act with transparency and honesty, always seeking the well-being of the citizen and the progress of the country.

Inteligência Artificial e Manipulação Comportamental

Bruno Mello Corrêa de Barros Beuron — 2025-06-30

A sociedade e seus processos constitutivos estão em uma miríade constante de transformação e mudança. Nesse sentido, o capitalismo de vigilância converte a experiência humana em dados comportamentais para prever e influenciar o comportamento futuro dos indivíduos. Partindo dos conceitos desenvolvidos por Shoshana Zuboff, na obra “A Era do Capitalismo de Vigilância” e das estratégias desse sistema de manipulação, questiona-se: a inteligência artificial aplicada diante deste contexto interfere na autonomia individual dos processos democráticos da sociedade contemporânea? Deste modo, o objetivo central consiste em verificar se a inteligência artificial diante das estratégias do capitalismo de vigilância converte a experiência humana em dados comportamentais para interferir na autonomia individual dos processos democráticos da sociedade contemporânea. A pesquisa se constitui pelo método de abordagem dialético, de procedimento funcionalista, pela técnica bibliográfica. Justifica-se pelo caráter fundamental da temática, uma vez que o capitalismo de vigilância opera, transforma a experiência em dados e afeta a privacidade e o controle que os indivíduos têm sobre suas informações. Ao final, constatou-se uma potencial influência das máquinas inteligentes, dos dispositivos tecnológicos e digitais no âmbito de formação da cidadania, compondo-se como estratégias das grandes empresas e Big Techs para influenciar as decisões políticas e processos democráticos, muitas vezes determinando os caminhos a serem tomados por muitos países ao redor do globo.

Democracia sanitária

Patrícia Cardoso Dias — 2025-06-30

The history of Humanity is accompanied, diachronically and synchronously, by the opportunity to preserve health and fight against disease, and Medicine itself is a consequence of this desideratum. Understanding this dynamic process is not operational without providing the contours of a notion of health that, in a traditional perspective, was understood as a state of absence of disease. Currently, it is understood as a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being that is not limited to the absence of an illness or disease, as results from the first principle stated in the preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization. Related to the Constitution to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the protection of health (art.º 25.º), as a human right and in an extended dimension to all peoples, is essential to achieve peace, depending on the close cooperation of individuals and States, for being of value to everyone. In its fundamental dimension, the right to health protection (art.º 64.º) and quality of life (art.º 66.º) has a universal, provisional and promotional character in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, integrating the citizen dimension through the duties related to everyone to defend and promote them. Indeed, and notwithstanding the criticism regarding the unfathomable subjectivism that translates into “a complete state of well[1]being” and the possible withdrawal of legal operationality from the concept of health, as well as the difficulties regarding the meaning of its delimitation, the introduction of the three dimensions of well-being in the concept of health reveal the evolution of the perception of health as an eminently individual good, whose promotion would be up to each person considered individually, towards a systemic and collective dimension of good health and its essentiality for preservation of community life. Thus, health is understood not as a strictly individual legal good, but as a good with public relevance, whose promotion and care are integrated in the domain of the responsibilities of Democratic States, as an action oriented to the maintenance of public health order, provision of health care population and promoting well-being. Today, Health Law is guided by the promotion of the active participation of all in health systems, by raising awareness and civic responsibility of all stakeholders in the health sector, including patients, by the configuration of rights and consequent expansion to the most varied areas of health, this phenomenon led to the conceptualization of Health Democracy. The polysemic concept of health democracy was particularly prominent in the context of the reform carried out in France in 2002, led by the Minister of Health Bernard Koucher, reinforcing the collective powers of citizens in the health context. Health democracy comprises, therefore, an individual dimension and, simultaneously, a collective dimension, in the sense of the realization of human and fundamental rights, the promotion of their autonomy, consequently leading to a need to reinforce the participation of civil society in the public context. -democratic health as a collective problem that urgently needs to be given a humanist response

A Intensificação do trabalho infantil nas cadeias globais de valor

Erick Leonardo Freire Carvalho — 2025-06-30

This study investigates the overexploitation of human capital and the flexibilization of working conditions that have occurred due to productive restructuring and globalization. It was developed with the objective of verifying whether this deregulation of the labor market has impacted the increase and/or transformation of the pattern of child labor. To this end, it was necessary to study the social, political and economic context of the emergence of the neoliberal strand of capitalism; to understand the functioning of the production mechanisms developed in the global value chains; and to evaluate how this global restructuring of production has impacted the occurrence of child labor. Thus, a bibliographic review was carried out, the data from which were interpreted through a qualitative approach. In view of this, it was found that the sharp degradation of the labor force is one of the main mechanisms that neoliberal capitalism uses to increase its profits; that global value chains are marked by an intense process of flexibilization and weakening of labor contracts, deepening the destructuring of rights and social protection; which led to the conclusion that there was a high prevalence of illegal forms of work, especially child labor, in the initial stages (production of raw materials) of large transnational production chains.

Il “Ministério Público” brasiliano e l’ordine urbano

Susana Henriques da Costa — 2025-06-30

La Costituzione brasiliana del 1988 ha ridefinito il profilo del Ministério Público^[1], ampliandone le attribuzioni e i poteri. Non più subordinato al potere esecutivo, esso è divenuto un organo statale autonomo e indipendente, con garanzie e vincoli simili a quelli concessi alla magistratura e ai suoi membri^[2]. Secondo la Costituzione Federale, il MP svolge una funzione essenziale per l’amministrazione della giustizia ed è un istituto autonomo rispetto agli altri poteri dello Stato, non essendo inglobato all’interno di quello giudiziario (magistratura), oltre che a quello legislativo ed esecutivo.

^[1] Abbiamo scelto di conservare la denominazione originale perché si tratta di una istituzione che non ha un equivalente esatto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano. Nonostante la Procura della Repubblica svolga infatti funzioni pressoché le stesse funzioni, essa, al contrario del Ministério Público, è parte del potere giudiziario. Allo stesso tempo, la traduzione letterale ‘Pubblico Ministero’ avrebbe rischiato di confondere, in quanto tale espressione indica nel nostro paese un incarico individuale. D’ora in avanti, per evitare ripetizioni, ricorreremo alla sigla MP [Nota del Traduttore].

^[2] Al MP nel suo complesso sono garantite: la strutturazione delle carriere; l’autonomia amministrativa e di bilancio (relativa - art. 127, §2 e 3); la limitazione alla libertà del capo dell’esecutivo di nominare e revocare il Procuratore generale; l’esclusività dell’azione penale pubblica e il veto alla nomina di pubblici ministeri ad hoc. Ai singoli pubblici ministeri [promotores] sono garantiti: il vitalizio, l’impossibilità di essere trasferiti e di vedersi ridotto lo stipendio; l’accesso alla carriera tramite concorso pubblico; la promozione volontaria in base a criteri giuridici; il giudizio nel foro privilegiato presso la Corte di giustizia nel giudizio dei reati comuni e di responsabilità. Secondo Alexandre de Moraes, la garanzia di indipendenza del MP Ministero “è una tendenza internazionale tenendo conto, come afferma il giurista spagnolo Bandrés, che la costituzione spagnola ha connotato il MP con le caratteristiche di legalità, democratizzazione e giurisdizionalizzazione [aqui nao entendi – se me explica em palavras simples vou traduzir de outra forma] – è stata infatti inclusa nella sezione dedicata al potere giudiziario e non nel titolo IV, dedicato al governo e all’amministrazione, Inoltre, occorre considerare: la sua subordinazione – e non sarebbe potuto essere altrimenti – soltanto allo stato di diritto, alla legge, piuttosto che al principio di unità; la finalità del suo operato che, per espressa volontà della Costituzione, deve perseguire di fronte alle corti, in maniera imparziale, il soddisfacimento dell’interesse della società; il fatto che incarni un chiaro sostegno alla promozione del Welfare State; l’obbligo di difendere le leggi democratiche”, in Direito Constitucional, p. 475-6 [qui come altrove si è proceduto alla traduzione dei testi citati, inediti in lingua italiana].

Tributação Decolonial

Adive Cardoso Ferreira Júnior — 2025-06-30

O objetivo da investigação é traçar parâmetros conceituais iniciais de uma epistemologia de Tributação Decolonial. A colonização na América Latina ocorreu por meio da ocupação hispânico-portuguesa, os quais exploraram as terras e dizimaram populações enquanto em tais países estiveram. Às terras latino-americanas, chegou o homem, branco, cristão, militar, europeu, que impôs o seu modo de vida, gerando, por consequência, o patriarcado branco, que ocasionou desigualdades de gênero, classe, raça e ambientais. A partir do século XX, sobretudo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o imperialismo estadunidense substituiu o poder colonizador, impondo seus pensamentos, forma de viver e questões econômicas. Dentre estas, há o neoliberalismo econômico e político, pensado pelo Norte Global para favorecer a si próprio. Dentre essas heranças coloniais e imperiais, está a forma de tributar latino-americana, com características regressivas. Busca-se-, então, a decolonização do Direito Tributário, a partir da criação do conceito de Tributação Decolonial.

The constitutionalization of barbarism and the right to education

Celi Nelza Zulke Tafarel — 2025-06-30

The Constitutionalization of Barbarism is investigated and exemplified through an analysis of the content of the measures approved by the Brazilian parliament following the coup against President Dilma Rousseff and the measures that impact education. The hypothesis of this work is that the budget cuts, the withdrawal of constitutional rights, the unaccountability of the state and the various reforms imply social setbacks, as well as the establishment of barbarism, as defined by Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin, Mészáros, Montoro, Freitas and other authors. The aim of this paper is to present a critical summary of the process of constitutionalizing measures that take away rights and thus reflect on what to do in the face of such a situation. The bibliographic-documentary and exploratory study procedures involved delimiting the period, the documents and the categories of analysis. The data collected shows that with the rise of the benches at the service of capitalist logic, measures and laws are established that guarantee profits for sectors of the economy, such as paying off public debt, reducing the social role of the state, increasing privatization and reducing the theoretical capacity of the working class, mainly through the reform of secondary education. We recognize that confronting barbarism, at the height of capital's destructive crisis, implies structural reforms, investments in more and better public policies for the working class, the defense of an exclusive, sovereign and popular constituent assembly, as well as the election of representatives of the proletarian class in parliament, this being the historic task of organized, mobilized and motivated workers to build another way of life, socialism, or barbarism will prevail.

O direito à educação no Brasil sob a ótica do direito econômico internacional

Fabrício da Silva Aquino — 2025-06-30

This article examines the commodification of education in the light of World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations, with a focus on the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The study begins with a historical analysis of post-World War II global transformations, with the creation of GATT, the transition to the WTO and the inclusion of education as a tradable service within the inaugural GATS. From this perspective, the article aims to answer the following question: To what extent does the inclusion of education in the GATS and the liberalization of trade in educational services by the WTO affect the guarantee of the fundamental right to public education in Brazil? In this regard, the study discusses the impacts of the financialization of education in the country, imbricated by the enactment of the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law and the entry of the private sector into higher education. The methodology employed in the study is analytical-hermeneutic, based on a deductive logic, while the approach will be bibliographical of a qualitative investigative nature, using the documentary research technique, based on the analysis of books, periodicals, abstracts, reviews, among other places that present documented content. The conclusion is that Brazil has not made a clear commitment to the WTO, which has resulted in an open and vulnerable educational market, dominated by business conglomerates to the detriment of public education with a view to strengthening national sovereignty.

Exhausting Working Hours as Existential Damage in the Light of the Right to Protection of the Dignity of the Human Person

Clara Angélica Gonçalves Cavalcanti Dias — 2025-06-30

This paper aims to analyze, in the light of the principle of human dignity, the exhausting working day as an existential damage of character in re ipsa. To this end, it is essential to understand the struggles of workers as a driving force for the achievement of labor rights, especially with regard to the reduction of working hours and paid weekly rest. Even so, work as it is understood continues to suppress and affect the fundamental rights to leisure and health of workers.