C@LEA - Cadernos de Aulas do LEA

Cooperação internacional descentralizada: oportunidades e desafios para municípios

Silvana Schimanski — 2024-12-17

The aim of this paper is to explore the opportunities and challenges for municipal action in decentralized international cooperation (DIC), understood as cooperation initiatives established by sub-national entities. While the classic approaches to international cooperation in the field of International Relations focus on the role of national states as protagonists, the concept of decentralized international cooperation considers the role of actors such as municipalities, federal states and other institutions in cooperative processes. Through a survey of papers published in the annals of the benchmark event in the field of International Relations in Brazil (National Meetings of the Brazilian Association of International Relations), between 2007 and 2023, we seek to answer the question: what are the opportunities and challenges for decentralized international cooperation in municipalities? In terms of methodology, the research adopts a qualitative approach, consulting bibliographic sources for exploratory purposes. The results suggest that the opportunities of identifying intersections between the local management plan and international agendas, and that the main challenges lie in the strategic planning of such actions and in their institutionalization and operationalization at the local level. It was also noted that there is still a relative lack of discussion about the international relations of municipalities in the interior of Brazil.

Keywords: International Relations. Paradiplomacy. Internationalization.

Línguas Estrangeiras Aplicadas: potências e desafios de um campo acadêmico e profissional emergente no Brasil

Leandro Cristóvão — 2024-12-18

In this paper, I aim to present an emerging academic and professional scope of work in the Brazilian context, namely the Applied Foreign Languages. Since 2003 student bodies, teaching and administrative staffs have institutionally shaped the history of four Brazilian undergraduate courses devoted to an applied knowledge as well as in tune with features of the contemporary world. As follows, a number of peculiarities are highlighted in this paper as regards the Bachelor's Degree in Foreign Languages Applied to International Negotiations (or LEANI, in accordance with how the acronym reads in Portuguese), which is offered by the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Cefet/RJ). Special consideration is given to the degree's potential with respect to the training of qualified internationalists who are sensitive to the contemporary sociodiscursive dynamics. Written in an essay-like tone, this paper seeks to examine potentialities and challenges faced within the context of the bachelor's degree as well as signal ongoing courses of action which can strenghten the field of Applied Foreign Languages.

Keywords: Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Applied Foreign Languages, Contemporaneity

Breve análise sobre as estratégias de enfrentamento ao racismo estrutural em organizações multinacionais situadas no Brasil

João Victor Andrade Santos — 2024-12-17

This study examines the strategies for tackling structural racism within multinational organizations operating in Brazil from from a human rights perspective. In a globalized context where diversity and inclusion have become business imperatives, this research analyzes the application of affirmative action policies and the challenges and outcomes observed in practice. Through a qualitative approach, which includes a literature review and case studies, the research highlights how such actions are agents of change in this scenario. The study concludes that, despite efforts to implement anti-racist policies, there is still a considerable journey ahead to eradicate structural racism in corporations. It calls for a reflection on the need for more integrated strategies and an organizational culture that genuinely values diversity.

Keywords: Ambev. Coca-cola. Nestlé. Corporate Diplomat. Structural Racism.

Reflexos do Soft Power na mobilidade estudantil internacional

Giulia Lini Sobral Conceição — 2024-12-17

The power of a country's influence can be compared to its military power, because through it one can also increase its global attraction and relevance. This article’s main objective is to analyze the effects of a country's soft power on international student mobility. The specific objectives are: to understand the process of forming a country’s soft power; to understand how international student mobility is used as a national policy tool; in addition, to analyzing soft power and international mobility data in order to understand if there is any kind of correlation between both. The methodological procedures were based on qualitative and quantitative descriptive research, with theoretical analysis of soft power, internationalization and student mobility, together with the analysis of data from Unesco Institute for Statistic, World Bank and Soft Power 30 to compare the information. As a result, it is observed that there is correlation between the soft power score obtained by the countries and their attraction to international students.

Key words: Soft Power. Reputation. Mobility. Student Internalization.

A interculturalidade na indústria da moda: a influência euro-africana no vestuário afro-baiano

Jean Gabriel Emidio dos Santos — 2024-12-18

This qualitative, bibliographical study aims to discuss the existing communication between fashion and culture, an integration process that is responsible for the creation of trends and styles, through interculturality, since this occurs through visual language, motivated by the need of individuals who want to express their identity, through ethnic influences. This research also addresses the influence of globalization on clothing, the way in which the fashion industry contributes to the propagation of products from other cultures, creating a diffusion between them. The relevance of this work lies in the analysis of the Euro-African influence present in the identity of Afro-Bahian fashion, the way in which styles have spread to adapt to a social context. It concludes that interculturality is present in the fashion industry, within a process of interconnection between cultural identities, allowing exchanges that mix and dialog with each other, through clothing compositions.

Keywords: Afro-Bahian. Fashion. Culture. Globalization. Identity.

Entre fronteiras: crianças migrantes desacompanhadas detidas na travessia México-EUA

Wanessa Alves Santos — 2024-12-18

The situation of unaccompanied children detained at the Mexico-U.S. border gained prominence following the implementation of the "Zero Tolerance" immigration policy by the Trump administration (2017-2020). This study aims to analyze how United States immigration policies contribute to the incarceration of migrant children, using the constructivist perspective of international relations as a theoretical framework. The crisis of migrant children at the Mexico-U.S. border involves serious human rights violations due to stringent immigration policies that result in the detention of children in harsh conditions. This study seeks to understand the social and discursive foundations of these policies and to explore more humanitarian alternatives in line with international human rights standards. The methodology adopted consists of a bibliographic review analysis of academic data. It is noted that the application of the "Zero Tolerance" policy brought significant consequences to the physical and mental health of the children, resulting from incarceration in detention centers. The constructivist perspective demonstrates that immigration policies are influenced by security and national identity discourses, perpetuating practices that marginalize and harm detained children. Although some mitigation measures have been implemented by the Biden administration, they are insufficient to address the needs of migrant children.

Keywords: Migrant children. Mexico-US border. Zero Tolerance. Immigration Policies. Constructivism.

Turismo regenerativo na Bahia: um estudo de caso da aliança Futuri-iniciativa da ONG Conservação Internacional (CI-Brasil)

Ana Luiza dos Santos Prado — 2024-12-18

The growing environmental and social crises highlight that sustainability alone is no longer sufficient to counterbalance the adverse impacts of human actions. In response, regenerative tourism emerges as a crucial approach to restoring and balancing socio-environmental systems. This study aims to analyze how the Futuri Alliance, an initiative of the NGO Conservation International (CI-Brazil), contributes to the development of regenerative tourism in Bahia. To achieve this, a qualitative and descriptive study was conducted, employing the case study as the primary technique. The findings indicate that the Futuri Alliance has a positive impact, as it plays a fundamental role in promoting educational and inclusive tourism. The initiative involves various stakeholders, including local communities and indigenous peoples, contributing to the preservation of local culture and the protection of biodiversity in areas such as the Abrolhos Marine National Park and the Atlantic Forest.

Keywords: Regenerative tourism. Regenerative development. Socio-environmental responsibility. Sustainability.

Development and Environment: struggles to strike a balance

Raphael Santos Silva — 2024-12-18

In the past few decades, there has been an increase in international documents and initiatives aimed at environmental preservation. While these efforts advocate for sustainability worldwide, they face criticism for attempting to reconcile two opposing ideas: development and sustainability. Post-development critics question assumptions underlying development as a Western construct, advocating for dematerialisation and degrowth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to address the tensions within the concept of sustainable development, particularly the conflict between environmental protection and capitalist imperatives. In other words, I intend to demystify the apparent harmony that the aforementioned concept establishes and examine the tension between capitalist production and the environmental protection. Moreover, I explore to what extent the notion of sustainability risks losing credibility in addressing genuine environmental and social concerns and perpetuating Western ideals rather than challenging them. I argue that the adoption of the sustainable patterns or goals by private entities serves to suppress popular demands for profound systemic changes while maintaining levels of resource exploitation necessary for development within the capitalist system. Finally, I realise that the way of treating sustainability in order to reconcile it with development leads to the instrumentalisation of the environment.

Keywords: Development. Sustainability. Environment. Sustainable development.

A política externa do Gabão: do petróleo à diplomacia ambiental?

Dorland Pohang Angoboul — 2024-12-18

Gabon, a country located on the western coast of central Africa, has recently stood out as the first African country to receive payments for the ecosystem services of its forests, demonstrating its efforts in nature conservation and biodiversity protection. These efforts are the result of a combination of government policies and international initiatives aimed at environmental sustainability. An important milestone in this trajectory was the country's exit from OPEC in 1995, which indicated a reorientation in Gabon's foreign policy, seeking greater autonomy in managing its oil resources and a more flexible approach to the policies of the international organization. This change paved the way for a gradual transition from oil dependence to valuing the ecosystem services of forests. Using the seminal literature of foreign policy analysis, this article seeks to show how this moment in the country's foreign policy was reached and to what extent sustainability imperatives have come to permeate the country's discourse in the international arena. Developed through bibliographic and documentary research, this investigation establishes a brief history of Gabonese foreign policy from its independence in 1960 to the present day, analyzing the changes that led the country to position itself as an African leader in environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Gabon. Gabonese Foreign Policy. Geopolitics of Oil. Environmental Diplomacy.

Língua espanhola e culturas hispânicas para profissionais do turismo: o Mercado de Artesanato de Ilhéus

Mayara Santos Trindade de Paz — 2024-12-18

O turismo é uma atividade econômica relevante que gera empregos e renda, sendo organizado em uma variedade de segmentos e subsegmentos. Na região da Costa do Cacau, a cidade de Ilhéus se destaca como destino turístico, oferecendo segmentos como o Turismo de Sol e Praia, o Turismo Cultural e o Turismo Cacaueiro. Esses segmentos e subsegmentos conferem à cidade uma imagem única como destino turístico. Nesse contexto, os profissionais do Mercado de Artesanato desempenham um papel fundamental, já que têm contato direto com os turistas que escolhem a cidade como destino. Com base nisso, foi conduzida uma pesquisa no setor de artesanato, visando identificar as principais nacionalidades dos turistas atendidos, compreender o nível de proficiência em língua espanhola dos(as) profissionais que ali trabalham e mapear as principais expressões utilizadas nesse ambiente. Com os resultados obtidos, foi planejado um curso de quatro aulas para fornecer aos profissionais conhecimentos básicos do idioma e aspectos culturais, aprimorando, assim, o atendimento aos(às) clientes.

Palavras-chave: Língua Espanhola. Turismo. Mercado de Artesanato. Extensão. Ensino.

Atuação das organizações da sociedde civil brasileiras relacionadas aos 17 objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável

Caca Farias Goncalves — 2024-12-18

Global leaders, scientific communities, and civil society are increasingly mobilizing to address the planet's major social, environmental, and economic issues. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) launched the 2030 Agenda, proposing joint actions and targets to achieve seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to analyze the presence of the 17 SDGs in the activities of Brazilian Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). A bibliographic review with a descriptive approach was conducted, followed by a quantitative survey using secondary data from the CSO Map portal, provided by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). The results indicated an insignificant number of CSOs registered in the CSO Map reporting their activities related to the 2030 Agenda. The study concluded that, despite the extensive and nationally recognized registry created by the CSO Map for part of the Brazilian Third Sector, the participation of CSOs has been limited.

Keywords: United Nations. Agenda 2030. Third Sector. MROSC. CSO map.

Soft power brasileiro: análise da presença do Brasil nos índices The Soft Power 30 e Global Soft Power Index

Larissa Cordeiro Peixoto — 2024-12-18

Soft power is a subtle manifestation of power, strongly based on intangible aspects such as reputation, influence and attraction. This article aims to analyze Brazil's positioning in the soft power indexes: The Soft Power 30 and Global Soft Power Index. Among the specific objectives are to discuss the concept of soft power and its growing role in the strategies of power construction of international actors; to discuss the methods of measurement and the results of The Soft Power 30 and Global Soft Power Index; and to analyze Brazil's positioning in both indexes. The results show that Brazil occupies a regular position in both indexes and that there is room for growth as long as Brazil's deep problems are solved and strategies are better directed.

Key words: Soft Power. The Soft Power 30. Global Soft Power Index. Brazil.

A transparência como desafio crítico para o desenvolvimento, a democracia e a sustentabilidade nos municípios do litoral sul da Bahia

Isabelle da Silva Santos — 2024-12-18

Municipal transparency is one of the fundamental pillars of democratic governance, essential for promoting citizen participation and the sustainable development of local communities. This study explores the challenges of transparency in the municipalities of the Identity Territory of the South Coast of Bahia, aiming to identify gaps in municipal transparency, understand their causes and propose strategies to foster a culture of effective transparency. The research is justified by the need to strengthen governance and citizen engagement in the region. Of an applied nature, with a quantitative approach, being exploratory and descriptive. Methodologically, it is based on a bibliographic survey and analysis of data collected on municipal transparency portals. The Transparency and Public Governance Index (ITGP), developed by Transparency International – Brazil, was used to evaluate transparency, covering 5 dimensions and 59 indicators. The results indicate that no municipality reached the excellent category in transparency, but none was classified as terrible. Of the total, 19.23% of the municipalities were classified as good, 46.15% as regular and 34.62% as ruins. These results highlight the need for continuous efforts to consolidate transparency practices in the region's municipalities, promoting more efficient, participatory public management aligned with democratic and sustainability principles.

Key-Words: Municipal Transparency. Public Administration. Democracy. Sustainable Development. ITGP.

Perspectivas do ensino online de francês instrumental: um estudo de caso do CLEI

Mayara Santos Trindade de Paz — 2024-12-18

This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the trajectory of the French language at the State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), from its (former) teaching in the Bachelor's degree in Letters to the implementation of the Center for Foreign Languages and Interculturality (CLEI) in partnership with the language extension programs of the DLA, and the creation of the Course in Applied Foreign Languages for International Negotiations (LEA-NI). We also delve into the topic of distance learning (DL), the evolution of the concept, the different synchronous and asynchronous models, and the challenges and advantages highlighted by teachers and students. Finally, we present a case study conducted through data collection from students where we analyze expectations and outcomes of the CLEI/French course.

Esportes e política internacional: uma análise da influência do Apartheid nos Jogos Olímpicos de Montreal em 1976

Gabriela Rorato Silva — 2024-12-17

This article aims to analyze the relationship between diplomacy and sport, with a specific focus on the diplomatic choices made during the Montreal Olympics in 1976 and its relation with the liberal theory of international relations. Through a bibliographical review, the works of authors such as Jesus (2014) and Bersell (2017), which address diplomatic politics in sports, and Pereira (2011), who discusses apartheid in South Africa were examined. For the search of articles, we used academic databases with the keywords "Olympic Games", "Diplomacy", "Olympism" and "Apartheid". Filters were applied to limit the research to the period from 2005 to 2021, ensuring the relevance and timeliness of the selected studies. It is concluded that the importance of discussions on this topic in global sports events is related to how these tournaments allow the manifestation of foreign policy, either in support or rejection of certain regimes, through organizational agents.

Keywords: Olympic Games. Diplomacy. Olympism. Apartheid.

Understanding the term "Work" Understanding the term "Work" among students of the technical Administration course at Polivalente.

Jonata Santos Rosa — 2024-12-18

In this article, we present reflections on the sociology of work and professional and technological education within a public full-time vocational high school, specifically the technical course in Administration at the Colégio Estadual Polivalente de Camacan. The objective is to understand the extent to which the term ‘work’ is ingrained in the students that make up the school's technical student body, capturing the perspectives of the project's co-authors. The theoretical contributions used are from national studies on professional and technological education, particularly in the field of education and work. A participatory work methodology is presented across all spheres of the research, from its conception and ideation to the writing of this experience report. The approach used for data collection and measurement was qualitative-quantitative to ensure greater reliability and quality of the research results. The study field was limited to the school's premises. The quantitative research indicated that students have a comprehension of work closely tied to physical and mental labor and do not demonstrate an understanding of its ontological concept. It is concluded that by the end of the focus groups, the participating students had completely changed their preconception and agreed that the understanding of the term work should be explicitly present in the pedagogical didactics of professional technical courses.

Keywords: Education Professional Technological. School. Sociology. Work.

A competência intercultural e a sua aplicação no curso LEA-NI: uma análise comparativa entre PAC e PPC

Phyetro Miranda Habib Bomfim — 2024-12-18

The present study aims to investigate the presence of intercultural competence in the official documents of the Bachelor's degree in Foreign Languages Applied to International Negotiations at UESC. To this end, this documentary research will analyze the former Academic Curricular Project (PAC, 2011) and the new Pedagogical Curricular Project (PPC, 2020), seeking to identify the strengths and challenges of each model, and how intercultural competence is reflected in them. The results obtained confirm the presence of an intercultural approach concerning foreign language curricular components in both documents, with a stronger emphasis in the PPC (2020). However, the presence of intercultural competence is limited in the rest of the PPC curriculum. It is hoped that the comparative analysis conducted in this research can provide insights for improving the curriculum, particularly in relation to the integration and development of intercultural competence, aiming to train professionals prepared to work in a multicultural and globalized world.

Keywords: Intercultural Competence. LEA-NI (Foreign Languages Applied to International Negotiations). Academic Curriculum. Interculturality.

Inglês como língua global e o curso LEA-NI: uma análise das atividades de compreensão oral do livro Market Leader

Ingrid Leite Diniz Santos — 2025-03-06

English has become a global language, gaining the status of a global language and becoming a lingua franca widely used in areas such as the business world. It is a fact, however, that English language teaching neglects this lingua franca function acquired by the language, favoring only native variants of the language, such as English and American. Since the course in Foreign Languages Applied to International Negotiations, LEA-NI, at the State University of Santa Cruz, aims to train professionals prepared to interact with individuals from the most varied cultures in order to establish negotiations, it is essential that its students be exposed to different speakers of this language and not just native speakers. Therefore, this research sought to verify the presence of non-native speakers of the English language in listening comprehension activities of two books from the collection of books adopted for teaching English in the disciplines of the 1st to the 4th semesters of the course. This research was based on researchers who seek to understand the expansion of English to its current status and the function of English as a lingua franca. This is a bibliographic and documentary research, of a qualitative and interpretative nature. The results indicate that the books analyzed present a very small number of audios with non-native speakers of the English language, which demonstrates little suitability of this material to the diverse linguistic and cultural context of the world.

Keywords: Lingua Franca; International Negotiations; Market Leader.